Malaysia Keep Up on Global Market For EV Revolution

By Anis Romiza

Malaysia has undergone a remarkable transformation in the local automotive industry since Proton, an automotive company, launched its first electric vehicle on December 16, 2024, marking its entry into the local EV market. This milestone, under the name ‘e.MAS7,’ represents a significant step forward in its journey toward sustainable mobility.

Figure 1: Malaysian auto firm Proton launches its first electric vehicle (Hasnoor Hussain, 2024).

The global automotive industry is shifting from the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) mechanisms to electric vehicles (EVs). This transition is driven by the mobility industry, which stands at the crossroads of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable energy solutions. Electric vehicles have emerged as a promising solution to combat sustainability concerns and reduce the dependence on man-made fuels in transportation.

How does an EV battery component generate power?

An EV’s advanced battery technology relies on rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, similar to those found in smartphones, to store and generate electrical energy for propulsion. But how do these batteries function, and why are they crucial to EV performance?

1. Composition and Structure

   The battery consists of multiple components that work together to store and deliver energy. Each battery cell, typically shaped like a cylinder or pouch, contains hundreds or even thousands of densely packed lithium-ion electrochemical cells. These include:

   1. Anode (Negative Electrode): Primarily made of graphite, it stores lithium ions during charging.

   2. Cathode (Positive Electrode): Composed of lithium metal oxides, it releases lithium ions during discharge.

   3. Electrolyte: A medium that facilitates the movement of lithium ions between the anode and cathode during the charging or propulsion phase.

   4. Separator: A barrier that prevents direct contact between the anode and cathode, averting short circuits while allowing ion flow.

Figure 2: Lithium-Ion Battery Schematic (Layosa, 2021)

2. Charging and Discharging Mechanism

   1. Charging: When an EV is plugged in, external sources of electrical energy cause lithium ions to travel from the cathode to the anode through the electrolyte, storing energy throughout the process.

   2. Discharging: As the EV operates, the lithium ions travel back to the cathode, generating an electric current that powers the motor.

   
   

As Malaysia joins the global transition toward a greener, more sustainable future, researchers are developing innovative solutions to drive the EV revolution. Their focus is on addressing plug-in hybrid infrastructure challenges in roadside and urban areas, reducing charging times, and increasing battery longevity—all to improve convenience, meet consumer demands, and advance sustainability goals.

References:

1. Chakraborty, M.R.C., et al. (2024) Evolution and Present Status of Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review. Vijayawada: Institute of Electric and Electrical Engineers.

2. Patrick, P.S. (2023): How does an EV battery actually work? Massachusetts: MIT Technology Review.

3. Petty, M.P., and Tang, A.T. (2024): Malaysia's Proton launches its first electric vehicle. Reuters.

Layosa, C.L. (2021), How Electric Vehicle Battery Packs are Manufactured. Chicago: Misumi Mech Lab.